Introduction

Trisquel GNU/Linux is a fully free operating system based on the GNU/Linux kernel and the Ubuntu distribution. It aims to provide a complete computing environment entirely composed of free software, following the guidelines of the Free Software Foundation. With a focus on privacy, security and respect for user freedoms, Trisquel caters to individuals, educational institutions and governments seeking an ethical alternative to proprietary systems.

What is Trisquel GNU/Linux?

History and Background

Launched in 2007 by the Asociación del Software Libre de Galicia (SLG), Trisquel was born out of the desire to create an operating system that complied strictly with free software principles. While Ubuntu includes some proprietary firmware and drivers, Trisquel removes all nonfree components, replacing them with free software equivalents. Over the years, it has gained endorsements from Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation.

Philosophy and Licensing

At its core, Trisquel follows the Four Freedoms of Free Software: the freedom to run, study, share and improve the software. Every package in Trisquel’s repositories is licensed under a free software license, ensuring no binary blobs or non-distributable code. This commitment is reflected in Trisquel’s policies:

• Strict repository curation: Only packages with OSI-approved licenses are allowed.
• Firmware-free kernel: The Linux-libre kernel replaces any proprietary kernel modules.
• Transparency: All source code is available and actively audited by the community.

How Trisquel Works

Free Software Guidelines

Trisquel’s development follows a community-driven model. Contributions are welcome in:

• Packaging and bug-fixing
• Documentation and translations
• Graphical themes and artwork
• Testing and quality assurance

Release cycles generally align with Ubuntu’s Long Term Support (LTS) schedule, providing stability and security updates for up to three years (four in some editions).

Package Management System

Trisquel uses the Apt ecosystem for package management:

• apt-get/apt: Command-line tools for installing, updating and removing packages.
• Synaptic: A graphical package manager accessible to users who prefer GUI interactions.
• Software Center: User-friendly application for browsing and installing software.

Desktop Environments and Editions

Trisquel offers several editions tailored to different hardware profiles and use cases. All editions ship with the Linux-libre kernel and only free software components.

Trisquel Standard

• Desktop Environment: MATE
• Ideal for: Modern computers and general desktop users
• Features: Full multimedia support via free codecs, office suite, web browser, email client

Trisquel Mini

• Desktop Environment: LXDE
• Ideal for: Low-resource or aging hardware
• Features: Lightweight footprint, minimal RAM usage, essential applications

Triskel (Gaming Edition)

• Desktop Environment: KDE Plasma
• Ideal for: Users focused on free and open-source gaming
• Features: Preinstalled emulators, game libraries, optimized kernel tweaks

Target Audience and Orientation

Educational Use

Trisquel is often deployed in schools and universities due to its cost-free nature and educational focus. Preinstalled tools such as LibreOffice, GIMP and Scratch support learning in subjects spanning literature, art and computer science. Teachers can audit code to demonstrate programming principles and encourage computational thinking.

Government and Institution Use

Several local governments and public institutions choose Trisquel to avoid vendor lock-in and promote transparency. By adopting a fully free operating system, authorities can:

• Ensure data sovereignty and privacy
• Reduce licensing costs and legal dependencies
• Customize software to meet specific public-sector requirements

Older Hardware

Thanks to editions like Trisquel Mini, users can extend the lifespan of legacy machines. With as little as 512 MB of RAM and a modest processor, many desktops from the early 2000s remain functional. This reduces electronic waste and aligns with environmental sustainability goals.

Key Features

Below is a summary of Trisquel’s most notable features:

• 100% Free Software: No proprietary drivers, firmware or applications.
• Long-Term Support: Security and maintenance updates for several years.
• Friendly Installer: Simple graphical interface for easy setup.
• Localization: Extensive language support, including many less-common languages.
• Security: Regular kernel patches, AppArmor profiles and firewall tools.
• Accessibility: Screen readers, magnifiers and other assistive technologies.

Feature Comparison Table

Curiosities and Interesting Facts

• Name Origin: “Trisquel” references the Celtic triskele—a symbol of three interlocked spirals—honoring Galicia’s Celtic heritage.
• RMS Endorsement: Richard Stallman officially recommends Trisquel as a fully free alternative to Ubuntu.
• Global Reach: Translated into over 30 languages, including Basque, Galician, Welsh and Breton.
• Minimal ISO: A “NetInstall” ISO is available at under 150 MB for highly customized installations.
• Embedded Systems: Some organizations have successfully deployed Trisquel on embedded devices like Raspberry Pi clones, thanks to its flexible architecture.
• Community Events: Annual “Trisquel Week” hackathons are held to coordinate bug triage, translations and artwork submissions.

Installation and Requirements

Hardware Requirements

While requirements vary by edition, the following represent general minimums:

• CPU: 1 GHz x86 or x86_64 processor
• RAM: 512 MB (1 GB recommended for Standard)
• Storage: 10 GB free disk space
• Graphics: VGA-capable graphics card
• Boot Media: USB port or CD/DVD drive

Installation Process Overview

1. Download the desired ISO from Trisquel’s official mirror.
2. Create a bootable USB with tools like dd or UNetbootin.
3. Boot the computer and select “Install Trisquel” from the live session menu.
4. Follow the graphical installer: choose language, time zone, keyboard layout and partition scheme.
5. Create user account, set passwords and confirm installation settings.
6. Reboot into your new Trisquel system and apply updates via the Software Center or sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade.

Community and Support

Trisquel benefits from an active community of developers, translators and users. Key support channels include:

• Mailing Lists: For announcements and user support.
• Forums: Community-driven QampA for troubleshooting.
• IRC / Matrix: Real-time chat rooms for developers and contributors.
• Documentation Wiki: Detailed guides on installation, customization and advanced usage.

Commercial support is also offered by third-party consultants specializing in free software migrations and training.

Conclusion

Trisquel GNU/Linux stands as a testament to the power of free software principles combined with pragmatic usability. Whether for schools emphasizing digital literacy, governments seeking transparency, or individuals wanting full control over their computing environment, Trisquel offers a robust, secure and ethical platform. Its various editions ensure compatibility with both modern and legacy hardware, making it a versatile option for diverse user needs.

By choosing Trisquel, users not only gain a reliable operating system but also join a global community dedicated to software freedom, collaboration and sustainability. To learn more or download the latest release, visit the official website:

https://trisquel.info/